UPSC Mains Syllabus 2025, Check out Topic wise Syllabus

UPSC मुख्य परीक्षेची तयारी करणाऱ्या उमेदवारांनी सुरुवातीपासूनच पूर्व परीक्षेसोबत एकत्रित पद्धतीने UPSC मुख्य परीक्षेचा संपूर्ण अभ्यासक्रम सखोलपणे कव्हर करणे आवश्यक आहे. केंद्रीय लोकसेवा आयोग (UPSC) मुख्य परीक्षेमध्ये भारतीय इतिहास, भूगोल, सामान्य अध्ययन आणि इतर अनेक विषयांचा समावेश करतो. UPSC नागरी सेवा परीक्षा ही कौशल्य आणि ज्ञानाची एक प्रतिष्ठित चाचणी आहे, आणि UPSC मुख्य परीक्षेचा 2025 चा अभ्यासक्रम समजून घेणे हे ती परीक्षा उत्तीर्ण होण्यासाठी अत्यंत महत्त्वाचे आहे. एक समर्पित उमेदवार म्हणून, या अभ्यासक्रमामध्ये समाविष्ट असलेल्या विविध विषयांची व्यापक समज असणे गरजेचे आहे.

UPSC Mains Syllabus 2025

To succeed in the UPSC CSE Mains exam, candidates need to know the UPSC Syllabus for mains and exam patterns as well. Read further and learn about the mains exam syllabus and for a speedy overview, check the table below.

UPSC Mains Exam Pattern 2025

UPSC मुख्य परीक्षेसाठी पात्र ठरण्यासाठी प्रारंभिक परीक्षेचा कट-ऑफ क्लिअर करणे हे पहिले पाऊल आहे. ही अवस्था अत्यंत महत्त्वाची आहे कारण ती तुमच्या गुणांवर आणि क्रमांकावर थेट परिणाम करते. मुख्य परीक्षा सखोल ज्ञान आणि विश्लेषणात्मक कौशल्यांची मागणी करते, कारण ही वर्णनात्मक स्वरूपाची असते आणि तुमच्या समजुतीची सखोल चाचणी घेते, तर प्रारंभिक परीक्षा ही व्यापक विषयांवर आधारित असते.

मुख्य परीक्षा एकूण नऊ पेपर्सची असते, पण अंतिम गुणवत्ता यादीसाठी केवळ सात पेपर्स विचारात घेतले जातात: सामान्य अध्ययन पेपर्स I, II, III, IV, निबंध, आणि दोन ऐच्छिक विषयांचे पेपर्स (पेपर I आणि पेपर II). उरलेले दोन पेपर्स, इंग्रजी आणि भारतीय भाषा, हे पात्रता स्वरूपाचे असतात. हे पेपर्स अंतिम गुण किंवा क्रमांकात धरले जात नाहीत, तरीसुद्धा UPSC 2025 परीक्षेच्या मुलाखतीच्या टप्प्यासाठी पात्र होण्यासाठी ते उत्तीर्ण करणे आवश्यक आहे.

UPSC Mains Syllabus

In addition to the Indian Language and English Papers, the remaining papers in the main examination are considered for determining final merit list. To thoroughly understand the UPSC CSE Mains Syllabus, including the General Studies and Essay papers, we recommend reading the complete article, which provides comprehensive coverage.

Essay Paper

The UPSC Mains Essay paper evaluates a candidate’s skill in articulating and expressing ideas clearly and coherently. There is no official syllabus for this paper. Candidates must write two essays from a list of topics, each worth 250 marks.

UPSC General Studies I Syllabus

The first General Studies paper primarily focuses on the History, Heritage, Geography, and Culture of the World and Society. The commission has outlined the key themes encompassed in the General Studies I syllabus, which are listed below for the candidate’s reference.

Indian Heritage and Culture, History and Geography of the World and Society:

• Indian Culture: It covers the salient features of Art Forms, Literature, and Architecture from ancient times to modern times.
• Modern Indian History: It includes the significant events, personalities, and issues from the middle of the 18th century until now.
• In The Freedom Struggle, Various stages, important contributors, and contributions from different parts of the country.
• Consolidation and Reorganisation of the country after independence.
• Events from the 18th century will be included in the history of the world, such as the Industrial Revolution, world wars, redrawing of national borders, colonization, and decolonization, as well as political philosophies like communism, capitalism, socialism, and others—their manifestations and social effects.
• Important characteristics of Indian society and India’s diversity.
• The role of women and the organization of women, population and related issues, poverty and developmental challenges, urbanization, related issues, and solutions.
• The social effects of globalization in India.
• Communalism, Regionalism, Secularism, and Social Empowerment.
• Important physical geography characteristics of the world.
• Distribution of major natural resources worldwide (including South Asia and the Indian subcontinent); determinants of where primary, secondary, and tertiary sector industries are located globally (including India).
• Critical geographic features and their location-changes in flora and fauna, as well as in water bodies and ice caps and the impact of such changes. Important geophysical phenomena include earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanic activity, cyclones, etc.

UPSC  General Studies II Syllabus

The Polity, Governance, Constitution, Social Justice, and Interrelations topics are covered in the UPSC Mains Syllabus General Studies II paper. The detailed syllabus is provided to candidates below.

Governance, Polity, Constitution, Social Justice, and International Relations:

• The basic structures, features, modifications, major provisions, and historical context of the Indian Constitution.
• Functions and duties of the Union and the States, problems and difficulties with the federal system, and obstacles with the devolution of authority and resources to local levels.
• Power separation between multiple organs, conflict resolution procedures, and institutions.
• Comparing the Indian constitutional design to other countries’ systems.
• Structure, administration, business practices, powers, and privileges of the Parliament and State Legislatures, as well as challenges resulting from these.
• Governmental Ministries and Departments; Pressure Group organizations and formal/informal associations; and their purpose in the Polity.
• Structure, organization, and operation of the Executive and the Judiciary.
• The Representation of People’s Act’s key characteristics.
• Appointment to several constitutional Bodies, as well as their respective duties and responsibilities.
• Statutory, regulatory, and various quasi-judicial agencies; Government interventions for development in many sectors; Problems resulting from the planning and execution of these interventions.
• The role of NGOs, SHGs, diverse groups and associations, funders, charities, institutional, and other stakeholders in development processes and the development industry.
• Welfare programs put in place by the federal government and individual states for the population’s most vulnerable groups, as well as the effectiveness of these programs; institutions, laws, and other organizations created to safeguard and improve the lives of these vulnerable groups.
• Issues on the growth and administration of the social sector and services in the fields of health, education, and human resources.
• Hunger and poverty-related issues.
• Transparency and accountability are crucial components of governance, as are e-governance applications, models, accomplishments, limitations, and possibilities; citizens’ charters, transparency & accountability, and institutional and other measurements.
• The function of the civil service in a democracy
• India’s relationship with its neighbours.
• Groupings and agreements at the bilateral, regional, and international levels involving or impacting India and/or its interests.
• Effect of developed and developing countries’ policies and politics on India’s interests and the Indian diaspora.
• Important international organizations, agencies, and forums: their makeup and objectives.

UPSC General Studies III Syllabus

The subjects of Science, Technology, Economics, Defense, Disaster Management, and Nature are thoroughly covered in UPSC Mains General Studies III. This paper will raise ask relating to many facets of life as well as recent developments in all areas of life.

Economic Development, Technology, Environment, Bio-diversity, Security and Disaster Management:

• Indian Economy, including planning, resource mobilization, growth, development, and employment difficulties.
• Inclusive growth and the problems it raises.
• Budgeting of Government.
• Major crops, patterns of cropping in various regions of the nation, various types of irrigation and irrigation systems, challenges with storage, transport, and marketing of agricultural products, and related limitations; the use of e-technology by farmers.
• Concerns about buffer stocks and food security, direct and indirect farm subsidies, and minimum support prices; Public Distribution System goals, operations, and shortcomings; Technology missions; and the economics of animal husbandry.
• Food processing and related sectors in India: their size and importance, where they are, what is needed in the upstream and downstream, and supply chain management.
• Indian land reforms.
• The economic implications of liberalization, changes to industrial policy, and how these affect the expansion of the industrial sector.
• Infrastructure includes things like ports, roads, airports, and railroads.
• Models for investments.
• Science and technology breakthroughs, as well as how they are used and impact daily life.
• Scientific and technological advances made by Indians; indigenization of technology; and the creation of new technology.
• Awareness of issues relating to intellectual property rights as well as IT, space, computers, robotics, nanotechnology, and biotechnology.
• Environmental impact assessment, pollution and degradation of the environment, and conservation.
• Disasters and disaster management; Relationships between extremism’s growth and dissemination.
• The contribution of non-state and state actors from outside to the problems with domestic security.
• Threats to internal security posed by communication networks, the media’s and social media’s role in such threats, the fundamentals of cyber security, and money laundering and its prevention.
• Security issues and how to manage them in border regions – connections between organized crime and terrorism.
• The function of various security agencies and organizations.

UPSC General Studies IV Syllabus

Ethics, Integrity, and Aptitude: This essay tests how well candidates uphold morals and honesty in public life. It looks at how they handle ethical dilemmas and make decisions in tough situations. The paper often includes real-life case studies to challenge candidates’ problem-solving skills and ability to apply ethical reasoning to social issues and conflicts. This helps assess their ability to deal with ethical and professional challenges effectively.

• Emotional intelligence concepts, as well as their benefits and use in governance and administration.
• Contributions from moral philosophers and thinkers in India and around the world.
• Public/Civil Service Values and Ethics in Public Administration: Status and Issues; Ethical Issues in International Relations and Funding; Corporate Governance; Laws, Rules, Regulations, and Conscience as Sources of Ethical Guidance. Accountability and Ethical Governance.
• Probity in governance includes the idea of public service, the philosophical underpinnings of governance and probity, information sharing and transparency in government, the right to information, codes of ethics and conduct, citizen’s charters, workplace culture, the effectiveness of service delivery, the use of public resources, and challenges posed by corruption.
• Case Studies on the aforementioned concerns.
• Ethics and Human Interaction: The purpose, factors, and outcomes of ethical behavior in people; the dimensions of ethics; and the application of ethics in both personal and professional settings. The importance of family community and educational institutions in instilling values may be seen in the study of human values, which draws lessons from the lives and teachings of great leaders, reformers, and administrators.
• Civil service aptitude and core principles, including honesty, objectivity, and non-partisanship; dedication to public service; empathy; tolerance; and compassion for the weaker groups.
• Moral and political attitudes, social influence, and persuasion are all aspects of attitude that include its content, structure, and function as well as its relationship to cognition and behavior.

UPSC Mains Syllabus for Language Paper

In the UPSC Mains Exam, candidates are required to appear for two language papers: Paper A and Paper B. For Paper A, candidates need to select a language from the options listed in the Eighth Schedule of the Indian Constitution, as provided in the table below. The selected language must be written in the corresponding script mentioned below.

English serves as the second language paper. Candidates have the flexibility to choose any of the Indian Languages listed in the table for their language paper.

UPSC Syllabus Main Languages Paper

Let’s explore the structure of the language papers, namely Paper A and Paper B, in detail. The following section provides a comprehensive breakdown of how these papers are organized.

• Essay – 100 marks
• Reading Comprehension – 60 marks
• Precis Writing – 60 marks
• Translation: (i) English to Compulsory Language (e.g. Hindi) – 20 marks and (ii) Compulsory Language to English – 20 marks
• Grammar and Usage of Basic Language – 40 marks

UPSC Optional Subjects For Mains

Candidates can check the UPSC Mains Optional Paper list of subjects. Aspirants can choose any two subjects provided in the table below. Each subject includes two papers, Paper 1 and Paper 2, each worth 250 marks, totaling 500 marks.

• Agriculture
• History
• Geography
• Economics
• Electrical Engineering
• Zoology
• Geology
• Law
• Philosophy
• Commerce and Accountancy
• Sociology
• Psychology
• Statistics
• Botany
• Mechanical Engineering
• Medical Science
• Chemistry
• Physics
• Management
• Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science
• Anthropology
• Mathematics
• Civil Engineering
• Public Administration
• Political Science & International Relations